Browse the glossary:

• data see research data (empirical data, empirical evidence)
  — Information gathered in studies to help address research questions, such as assessing treatment effects; … (read more)
• data collection
  — The process of gathering information in studies to help address research questions, such as assessing treatment effects; … (read more)
• data fishing (data dredging, data-driven analysis)
  — Analyses of information gathered in a study without predefined ideas of what to look for; … (read more)
• diagnosis
  — The recognition or identification of a health condition based on symptoms, signs, or test results; … (read more)
• diagnostic algorithm
  — A method of diagnosis using a combination of symptoms, signs, or test results to identify a health condition; … (read more)
• diagnostic odds ratio (DOR)
  — The odds of someone with the target condition of interest having a positive diagnostic test divided by the odds of someone without the condition having a positive diagnostic test; … (read more)
• diagnostic test
  — A procedure used to detect the presence or absence of a health condition; … (read more)
• diagnostic test accuracy (test accuracy)
  — The ability of a diagnostic test to distinguish between people with a health condition and people without it; … (read more)
• difference (absolute effect, risk difference)
  — The difference in outcome between treatment comparison groups in a study; … (read more)
• direct comparison (head-to-head comparison, within study comparison)
  — A study in which the treatments or diagnostic tests of interest are evaluated in the same study; … (read more)
• disease progression bias
  — In a study of diagnostic test accuracy, bias which occurs when the time period between the reference standard test and index test is so long that the health condition of interest may have changed between the two tests.; … (read more)
• disease stage
  — Phase or level of severity of a disease or other health condition; … (read more)
• disease status
  — Classification of a participant in a study as with or without a health condition of interest; … (read more)
•   double blinding (double masking*)
  — Actions intended to prevent two (or more) groups of people involved in a study knowing which participants received which treatment; … (read more)
• double dummy (double dummy placebo)
  — The use of two different placebos to achieve blinding when the treatments being compared in a study are obviously different; e.g. a tablet and an injection; … (read more)
• dramatic treatment effect
  — Treatment effect that is so large that it is unlikely to be explained away by bias, even without having been tested in a study designed to minimize bias; … (read more)
• drug (medication, medicine, pharmaceutical product)
  — Chemical substance used as a treatment; … (read more)