Browse the glossary:

• important (clinically important, clinically significant)
  — A judgement that a treatment effect is meaningful or important to the people affected; … (read more)
• imprecision
  — The extent of the likely effect of the play of chance on the results of a study, meta-analysis or measurement; … (read more)
• incidence (occurrence)
  — The number of new occurrences of something in a population over a particular period of time; … (read more)
• inconsistency (heterogeneity, variability)
  — In treatment comparisons, unexplained variation in effect estimates among similar studies; … (read more)
• incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)
  — The difference in cost of two treatments being compared in a study in relation to the difference in their effects; … (read more)
• indeterminate diagnostic test result (intermediate test result, valid inconclusive test result)
  — A diagnostic test result where the result is known, but cannot be clearly categorised as either a positive or negative test result; … (read more)
• index test
  — A diagnostic test that is being evaluated against a reference standard test in a study of test accuracy; … (read more)
• indicator
  — A measure that reflects changes connected to a treatment that is used to assess performance; … (read more)
• indirect comparison
  — Comparison across studies, in contrast to direct comparison within studies; … (read more)
• indirectness
  — The extent to which studies do not directly compare the treatments of interest in populations of interest and measure outcomes of interest; … (read more)
• inequity see unfairness (health inequity, inequity)
  — Avoidable inequalities in health between groups of people; … (read more)
• informed consent
  — A process through which potential participants in a study are made aware of its purpose and the implications for them, and are invited to agree to participate; … (read more)
• intention-to-treat analysis
  — Analyses based on the outcomes in all the study participants allocated to each of the treatment comparison groups.; … (read more)
• interim analysis
  — Analyses done to check that it is reasonable for an ongoing study to continue; … (read more)
• interrupted time series study (interrupted time series analysis, ITS study)
  — A type of non-randomized study that measures an outcome at multiple time points before and after a treatment (the ”interruption”); … (read more)