Browse the glossary:

• target condition
  — The health condition of interest that a test is used to detect in a study of diagnostic test accuracy; … (read more)
• test result, false negative see false negative test result
  — For tests, a false negative result is when the index test result is negative, while the reference standard test result is positive; … (read more)
• test result, false positive see false positive test result
  — For tests, a false positive test result occurs when the index test result is positive, while the reference standard test is negative; … (read more)
• test, diagnostic see diagnostic test
  — A procedure used to detect the presence or absence of a health condition; … (read more)
• test, screening see screening test
  — A procedure used to find out whether or not a person has a specific health condition before it causes any symptoms; … (read more)
• theory
  — A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain how a treatment works; … (read more)
• time horizon
  — In economic evaluations, the time period specified over which important differences in resource use (costs) and outcomes are expected to occur; … (read more)
• treatment (intervention)
  — Any preventive, therapeutic, rehabilitative or palliative action intended to improve the health or wellbeing of individuals or communities; … (read more)
• treatment comparison
  — Any comparison of treatments, including receiving a treatment compared to not receiving it; … (read more)
• treatment comparison group (arms of a trial, comparison group,)
  — A group of participants in a study allocated to receive one or more different treatments, usual care, or placebo; … (read more)
• treatment effect (clinical impact, estimate of effect, impact)
  — Changes (increases or decreases) or differences in health outcomes as a result of treatments; … (read more)
• treatment effect
  — Best estimate of the outcomes that can be ascribed to the use of a treatment; … (read more)
• trial phases
  — Steps in the evaluation of new drugs, from first use in humans to monitoring for adverse events during widespread use; … (read more)
• trial, explanatory see explanatory trial (efficacy* trial)
  — A study designed to assess the effects of a treatment given in ideal circumstances; … (read more)
• trial, phase 1 see phase 1 trial
  — A research study designed to find out how a new drug is dealt with by the body, how the people given it react to it, and the lowest dose that may be effective; … (read more)
• trial, phase 2 see phase 2 trial
  — A study designed to find out whether a new drug is promising, to identify common side effects, and refine the dose and duration of treatment; … (read more)
• trial, phase 3 see phase 3 trial
  — A study designed to find out whether a promising new drug actually has important beneficial effects and an acceptable frequency and severity of side effects; … (read more)
• trial, phase 4 see phase 4 trial (post-marketing surveillance)
  — A study carried out after a drug has received a marketing licence, to find out more about its effects, including long term harms and benefits; … (read more)
• trial, pragmatic see pragmatic trail (effectiveness trial)
  — A study designed to assess the effects of a treatment given in the circumstances of everyday practice; … (read more)
•   triple blinding (triple masking)
  — Actions intended to prevent three (or more) groups of people involved in a study from knowing which participants received which treatment; … (read more)
• true negative test result (true negative)
  — For tests, a true negative result is when the index test result is negative and the reference standard test result is negative; … (read more)
• true positive test result (true positive)
  — For tests, a true positive result occurs when the index test is positive and the reference standard test result is also positive; … (read more)
• type 1 error see false positive test result (alpha, false positive, type 1 error)
  — Mistakenly concluding that there is a difference in effect between treatments, or between treatment and no treatment, when there is actually no difference; … (read more)
• type 2 error see false negative test result (beta, false negative, type 2 error)
  — Mistakenly concluding that there is no difference in effect between treatments, or between a treatment and no treatment, when there actually is; … (read more)
• type of study (research design)
  — Key features of research methods used to categorize types of studies; … (read more)