Browse the glossary:

• effect see treatment effect (clinical impact, estimate of effect, impact)
  — Changes (increases or decreases) or differences in health outcomes as a result of treatments; … (read more)
• effect estimate (effect size, estimate of effect, point estimate)
  — A statistical measure indicating the most likely size of a treatment effect; … (read more)
• effect, absolute see difference (absolute effect, risk difference)
  — The difference in outcome between treatment comparison groups in a study; … (read more)
• effect, adverse see adverse effect (harm)
  — Unwanted symptom or other experience in participants which happen as a result of a treatment or test; … (read more)
• effect, desirable see benefit (desirable anticipated effect, desirable effect)
  — Difference in outcomes that favours a treatment in a treatment comparison; … (read more)
• effect, dramatic treatment see dramatic treatment effect
  — Treatment effect that is so large that it is unlikely to be explained away by bias, even without having been tested in a study designed to minimize bias; … (read more)
• effect, nocebo see nocebo effect
  — Undesirable effect that is or could be caused by an inactive treatment, presumed to act psychologically through suggestion; … (read more)
• effect, relative see relative effect
  — The ratio of outcome measures in one treatment comparison group compared to another in a study; … (read more)
• effect, treatment see treatment effect
  — Best estimate of the outcomes that can be ascribed to the use of a treatment; … (read more)
• effect, undesirable see undesirable effect
  — Difference in outcomes that does not favour a treatment in a treatment comparison; … (read more)
• effectiveness (clinical effectiveness, efficacy*)
  — The extent to which a treatment has desirable effects in a study; … (read more)
• efficiency
  — The extent to which resources are being used to get the best value for money; … (read more)
• eligibility criteria (inclusion criteria, participation criteria, qualification criteria, selection criteria)
  — Characteristics used to decide whether people are eligible to participate in a study and should be invited to participate; … (read more)
• enrolment (inclusion)
  — The act of including participants in a study when they meet explicit eligibility criteria; … (read more)
• error, unit of analysis see unit of analysis error
  — A type of error affecting the results of a study, usually a cluster-randomized trial, when the units used in the analysis of the results are different from the units of allocation to the treatment comparison groups; … (read more)
• estimate
  — The most likely size of something; … (read more)
• evidence (empirical data, empirical evidence)
  — Facts (actual or asserted) intended for use in support of a conclusion; … (read more)
• evidence profile
  — A table summarising key information about all relevant treatment outcomes, including a summary of the results and judgements about the certainty of the evidence; … (read more)
• evidence to decision framework (evidence to recommendation framework, EtD framework)
  — A structured format for going from evidence to a decision that includes key background information, assessment criteria for making a decision and conclusions; … (read more)
•   evidence, level of see level of evidence (hierarchy of evidence)
  — An indication of where a type of study lies in a hierarchy of evidence, based on the risk of bias; … (read more)
• evidence, research see research evidence (research findings, research results)
  — The findings of studies, including systematic reviews; … (read more)
• explanatory trial (efficacy* trial)
  — A study designed to assess the effects of a treatment given in ideal circumstances; … (read more)
• exploratory analysis
  — Analyses not intended to provide definitive evidence, but rather to suggest directions for future research.; … (read more)
• extrapolated evidence
  — Application of study results to people, treatments or outcomes that were not included in the study; … (read more)