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prognostic variable

— A characteristic or combination of characteristics known to be associated with the course of a health condition

Synonyms:

prognostic marker

Full explanation:

Prognostic variables or prognostic markers are baseline characteristics known to be associated with the outcome of a health condition in the absence of treatment.

Stratified allocation and minimization are used to reduce imbalances in known prognostic variables in treatment comparison groups, and help ensure comparison of like with like.

Random allocation is used to reduce imbalances of both known and unknown prognostic variables.

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